Understanding Surrogacy in the United States

Appendix

References

Susan C Klock , Steven R Lindheim.  Gestational surrogacy: medical, psychosocial, and legal considerations. Fertil Steril 2020 May;113(5):889-891. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.016. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Annie Yau 1, Rachel L Friedlander 2, Allison Petrini 3, Mary Catherine Holt 4, Darrell E White 2nd 4, Joseph Shin 5, Sital Kalantry 4, Steven Spandorfer 3.  Medical and mental health implications of gestational surrogacy.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Sep;225(3):264-269. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.04.213.

Evelina Manvelyan 1, Abha Rajendra Sathe 2, David Paul Lindars 3, Lusine Aghajanova 4.  Navigating the gestational surrogacy seas: the legalities and complexities of gestational carrier services.  J Assist Reprod Genet. 2024 Nov;41(11):3013-3037.

Noelia Igareda González.  Legal and ethical issues in cross-border gestational surrogacy.  Fertil Steril. 2020 May;113(5):916-919. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.003.Kiran M Perkins 1, Sheree L Boulet 1, Aaron D Levine 1 2, Denise J Jamieson 1, Dmitry M Kissin.  Differences in the utilization of gestational surrogacy between states in the U.S.  Reprod Biomed Soc Online. 2017 Sep 28:5:1-4. doi: 10.1016/j.rbms.2017.08.002.

Brian Levine 1, Alexis L Cirel 2, Kate D Schoyer 3, Arthur R Derse 4, Robert T Rydze 3, Eve C Feinberg.  Should physicians be facilitating gestational carrier arrangements in the absence of medical indication?  Fertil Steril. 2025 Feb;123(2):201-207. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2024.11.013.

Anabel Salazar 1, Cesar Diaz-García 2, Juan Antonio García-Velasco.  Third-party reproduction: a treatment that grows with societal changes.  Fertil Steril. 2023 Sep;120(3 Pt 1):494-505. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.01.019

José Ángel Martínez-López 1, Pilar Munuera-Gómez 2.  Surrogacy in the United States: analysis of sociodemographic profiles and motivations of surrogates.  Reprod Biomed Online. 2024 Oct;49(4):104302. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2024.104302. Epub 2024 Jun 4.

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